Anomalous cognition (AC) - aka ESP/remote viewing - is defined as the acquisition of information from points distant in space-time which are inaccessible by human sensory systems. From 1975 to 1995, Edwin May was a scientist and then programme director for the U.S. government's psychic espionage programme, known as STAR GATE. With the closing of this programme, research has continued at the Laboratories for Fundamental Research, in Palo Alto. The STAR GATE and subsequent programmes included applied and basic research in the areas of methodology and analysis, neurophysiological studies, personnel assessment and selection, operations research, the physics of AC, and psychokinesis. The conclusions from this 35 year research effort can be summarised as (1) ESP exists; (2) the gradient of Shannon entropy is the key factor influencing information transfer; (3) because of the innate nature of the ability, the phenomenon so far resists training for excellence (and replication studies will not yield results), and (4) evidence for psychokinesis (PK) is questionable. This book presents the state-of-the-art, with 26 key papers on research methods, physiological research, decision augmentation theory, Entropy, other research, and research challenges.