'On the basis of careful normative argument, attention to practical examples, and empirical evidence, Karpowitz and Raphael derive important lessons for deliberative democracy. They show that discussions in 'enclaves' of similar people can be valuable and how crucial the communication of results of a deliberation are to the broader public.' Peter Levine, Lincoln Filene Professor of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Tufts University, Massachusetts 'If it is to survive this century, democracy has to mature. Karpowitz and Raphael offer guidance for those who seek to make democracy more participatory and deliberative. They cast a critical eye on research and reform from recent decades in hopes of making future attempts at democratic innovation more egalitarian and legitimate in the context of the vital political institutions and practices already in place. Whether you want to transform our modern political institutions or understand the transformation taking place, this book is essential reading.' John Gastil, Communication Arts and Sciences and Political Science, The Pennsylvania State University 'An important contribution to our understanding of democracy that is both hopeful and realistic. Based on a sound grasp of theory, evidence, and experience, Karpowitz and Raphael show, in clear and accessible prose, how deliberation by ordinary citizens on important public questions can improve our democracy.' Stephen Macedo, Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics, University Center for Human Values, Princeton University