Thermal power plants are one of the most important process industries for engineering professionals. The most fundamental challenge is meeting the growing power demand in sustainable and efficient ways. Therefore, technological advancement is the requirement of the hour in every field of industrialization for improvement in their efficiencies by reduction in operating expenditure, judicious utilization of natural resources and protection damage to our natural environment. There will come a day when much quantity will be limited like charcoal. In addition, the use of these fossil fuels results in greater pollution, despite the measures taken. The details of the research results and the new development in fields are highlighted in this book. The subject looked after research and development, starting from power generation to environmental aspects of power plants. With regards to the thermal power plants research, the technological advance discussed in this book include experimentation, investigation assessment and analysis new models, new processes and control process concept for improving efficiencies and reducing emissions of CO. Advances of the use of solar energy to realize a new type of thermal power plant are also discussed.