Small molecules (substrates and products of metabolism) and their interactions within a biological system are known as the metabolome. The scientific study of the metabolome comprises a "biochemical fingerprint" of a particular cell or tissue encompasses the field of metabolomics. Research shows a variety of approaches in the study of various metabolites and their interpretation in a biological context. The arena of metabolomics offers several applications like serving as the molecular phenotype, study evolutionary relationships, tracing toxicity studies and to study the phenotype caused by a genotype change. The field also offers avenues in environmental studies and scope of metabolites in nutrition. This book presents the research, concepts and various key aspects of the field of metabolomics with various techniques used in researching the metabolome and the applications of metabolomics. The authors hope that the book is a unique fingerprint as it offers a comprehensive tool to study the chemical fingerprints of various biological systems.