From early Chinese astronomy to the most recent high precision, multi-wavelength observations, supernovae have been actively examined for centuries. In recent years, this intense study has yielded great insight into the physics of supernovae and their impact on a wide variety of subjects, from cosmology to astrobiology. The unprecedented growth of observational information, the ever increasing computational power for modeling, and the deep multidisciplinary connections of supernovae to stellar physics, galactic evolution, astrochemistry, and cosmic ray origin motivated the publication of this contributed volume. The book provides insights on current progress in the field and presents open-ended questions for future supernova studies. Originally published in Space Science Reviews in the Topical Collection "Supernovae"