The topic chosen by Nietzsche for his Pforta dissertation was Theognis, his life in Megara, his lyrical production, and his views on the gods, morality and politics. Nietzsche saw Theognis as the intellectual champion of the defeated Megarian aristocracy, who sought to preserve the Dorian spirit and its noble virtues. The interests that guided Nietzsche transcended scientific philology and embraced a concern for the social and political context he adumbrated in the Theognidea. The editors of this volume refer to this novel standpoint as constituting a rudimentary political philology, showing that Theognis' aristocratism determined and guided Nietzsche's critique of the moral point of view and his conception of an aristocratic state. Contents Introduction: Nietzsche's Aristocratism by Renato Cristi Part I: Theognis and Nietzsche's Aristocratism Part II. Nietzsche's Aristocratic Ethics: Command and Obedience Part III. Nietzsche's Aristocratic Radicalism: Charismatic Authority Nietzsche, On Theognis of Megara (De Theognide Megarensi), translated by Oscar Velasquez Nietzsche, Studies on Theognis (Studien zu Theognis), translated by Manuel Knoll & Renato Cristi